The Link Between Air Pollution and Ischemic Heart Diseases

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), a leading cause of death globally, is strongly associated with environmental factors, particularly air pollution. This article examines the link between air pollution and the development of IHD, focusing on the mechanisms and epidemiological evidence supporting this relationship. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO), is associated with an increased risk of IHD through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and autonomic dysfunction. Clinical evidence further supports these findings, with increased incidences of myocardial infarction and angina during periods of high pollution. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for effective public health policies aimed at reducing air pollution and mitigating its cardiovascular effects, particularly in vulnerable populations.