Nvpubhouse Library for American Journal of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation

Topographic Anatomy Of The Veins Of The Lower Extremities And Its Role In The Development Of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Kariyeva Khalima Ikramjanovna — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The venous system of the lower extremities is characterized by a complex topographic and functional organization, ensuring venous return under the influence of gravity and muscle contraction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the anatomical and topographic features of the superficial and deep veins of the lower extremities and to evaluate their significance in the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The work is based on a review of current anatomical and clinical studies using dissection, duplex scanning, and venography data. Particular attention is given to the relationship between venous valve distribution, perforating veins, and hemodynamic overload leading to valvular incompetence. Understanding the topography of venous trunks and their anastomoses allows the development of effective diagnostic and preventive measures against CVI.

Isolation And Bioorganic Characterization Of Active Compounds From Phlomoides Labiosa

Nozima Holiqova — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Phlomoides labiosa, a species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is traditionally used in Central Asian ethnomedicine, yet its bioactive constituents and bioorganic properties have not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on the isolation and bioorganic characterization of active compounds from P. labiosa using an integrated analytical approach. Sequential extraction with ethanol and water was followed by chromatographic separation to obtain distinct phytochemical fractions. Structural elucidation of isolated compounds was carried out using GC–MS, HPLC, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and ¹H/¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The major identified constituents included flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, sterols, and alkaloid derivatives. Biological activity assays demonstrated strong antioxidant potential and significant antimicrobial effects against selected bacterial and fungal strains. The results indicate that P. labiosa is a rich source of structurally diverse and biologically active natural molecules. The study highlights the pharmacological relevance of the isolated compounds and provides a scientific basis for their potential application in pharmaceutical and bioorganic chemistry research.

Neuroprotective Effects Of Eriodictyol On Hippocampal Damage In A Fructose-Streptozotocin-Induced Model Of Type 2 Diabetes

Prof. Rajeev Kapoor — Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder increasingly associated with central nervous system complications, including cognitive decline and hippocampal neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress is a primary mechanism underlying this neuronal damage. Flavonoids, such as eriodictyol, are natural compounds known for their potent antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of eriodictyol against biochemical and histopathological abnormalities in the hippocampus of fructose/streptozotocin (F-STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats using a high-fructose diet (10% w/v) for two weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with eriodictyol (50 mg/kg) orally for 45 days. At the end of the treatment, glycemic parameters (blood glucose, HbA1c), hippocampal markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, reduced glutathione), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Na$^+/K^+$-ATPase were assessed. Hippocampal tissues were also processed for histopathological examination using H&E staining.

Results: The F-STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited significant hyperglycemia, increased hippocampal oxidative stress markers, and depleted antioxidant defenses. This was accompanied by aberrant AChE and Na$^+/K^+$-ATPase activities and severe neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region. Eriodictyol administration significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated hyperglycemia, reversed the oxidative stress markers, and restored the activity of antioxidant and membrane-bound enzymes towards normal levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed that eriodictyol treatment markedly preserved the structural integrity of hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that eriodictyol exerts a potent neuroprotective effect in the diabetic rat hippocampus. This protection is likely mediated by its ability to improve glycemic control and mitigate oxidative stress, thereby preserving neuronal function and structure. Eriodictyol represents a promising natural therapeutic candidate for preventing or treating diabetic neurological complications.

The Nature Of Surgical Interventions And Analysis Of The Causes Of Unsatisfactory Results Of Treatment Of Deep Paraproctitis In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this scientific article the authors analyse the nature of surgical interventions and reasons of unsatisfactory results of treatment of deep paraproctitis in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on the forms of anatomical localizations. The volume of surgical interventions for deep paraproctitis in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as the dynamics of septic manifestations in the postoperative period and the frequency of registration of risk factors for clinical outcomes are analysed. In general, the study of risk factors of unfavourable outcomes of traditional treatment indicates multifactorial and combined nature of unfavourable manifestations of the disease, which makes it necessary to adjust the tactics of therapy with emphasis on early diagnosis, aggressive surgical sanation and prevention of superinfection.

Early Predictors Of Graft Function In Pediatric Living-Related Kidney Transplantation

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objective. To identify simple and clinically accessible early predictors of graft function in children after living-related kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 50 pediatric kidney transplantations performed from 2018 to 2025 was conducted. All transplants were obtained from first-degree related donors. The following parameters were analyzed: preoperative creatinine, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium levels, daily urine output in the first 24 hours after transplantation, and creatinine dynamics on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. The prognostic significance of early diuresis and creatinine reduction was evaluated. Results. All patients demonstrated pronounced early diuresis (5–8 L/day) during the first postoperative day. A consistent decrease in serum creatinine was observed: 495 ± 30 μmol/L on day 1, 215 ± 18 μmol/L on day 3, and 97 ± 9 μmol/L on day 7. Patients with more intensive early diuresis showed faster normalization of creatinine levels. No cases of delayed graft function or primary non-function were observed. Conclusion. Daily urine output in the first 24 hours and the rate of serum creatinine reduction within the first 7 days are reliable and easily accessible early predictors of adequate graft function in children after living-related kidney transplantation.