Academic Performance Among School-Age Children in the Era of Digital Technology
Keywords:
digital technology, digital addiction, digital media, academic performance, academic achievement.Abstract
Digital technology has become an integral part of daily life, especially for children. Although these advancements offer significant benefits, their excessive use has increased concerns about digital addiction and its potential influence on academic performance. This review focuses on digital addiction, the overuse of digital technology, and its relation to the academic performance of school-age children. Drawing is based on global and regional studies and statistics. This study highlights the prevalence of digital technology use, its potential health implications, and its influence on learning. These findings underscore the urgent need for parental monitoring and educational strategies to diminish the adverse effects of digital addiction on children.
References
Kyle T, Carman S. Essentials of pediatric nursing: Second edition [Internet]. Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. 127–128 p. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970983723&partnerID=40&md5=303556d5171670e8f8d78a7712eb8eca
Genc Z. Parents’ Perceptions about the Mobile Technology Use of Preschool Aged Children. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2014;146:55–60. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877042814047405
Hwang Y, Jeong SH. Predictors of parental mediation regarding children s ’ smartphone use. CyberPsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2015;18:737–43.
Stavropoulos V, Alexandraki K, Motti-Stefanidi F. Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools. J Adolesc. 2013;36(3):565–76.
Ziebro L. Digital Addiction : Breaking Free from the Shackles of the Internet , TV and Social Media [Internet]. by ECC519, LLC; 2016. 54 p. Available from: www.loraziebro.com
KEMP S. DataReportal. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 23]. DIGITAL 2021: IRAQ. Available from: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-iraq
Obaid AF, Kassim NM. Digital Media Use and Health-Related Behaviors among Preschoolers In Governmental and Private Kindergartens : A Comparative Study. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;10(10):3955–60.
Clark LS. Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Commun Theory [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2018 Sep 6];21(4):323–43. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ct/article-abstract/21/4/323/4085747
Gentile DA, Reimer RA, Nathanson AI, Walsh DA, Eisenmann JC. Protective effects of parental monitoring of children’s media use a prospective study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(5):479–84.
Allcott H, Gentzkow M, Song L. Digital addiction. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2021.
World Health Organization. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/millennium-development-goals-(mdgs)
American Academy of Pediatrics. healthychildren.org. 2016. Why to Limit Your Child’s Media Use. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/The-Benefits-of-Limiting-TV.aspx
Griffiths M. Does Internet and computer" addiction" exist? Some case study evidence. CyberPsychology Behav. 2000;3(2):211–8.
Hawi NS, Samaha M, Griffiths MD. The digital addiction scale for children: Development and validation. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2019;22(12):771–8.
Young KS, De Abreu CN. Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
Conti MA, Jardim AP, Hearst N, Cordás TA, Tavares H, de Abreu CN. Evaluation of semantic equivalence and internal consistency of a Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Arch Clin Psychiatry (São Paulo). 2012;39(3):106–10.
Kardaras N. Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction Is Hijacking Our Kids-and How to Break the Trance. The Booklist. 2018;112(21):10.
Sun J, Metros S. The Digital Divide and Its Impact on Academic Performance. Online Submiss. 2011;2:153–61.
Crouch E, Radcliff E, Hung P, Bennett K. Challenges to school success and the role of adverse childhood experiences. Acad Pediatr. 2019;19(8):899–907.
Alyoussef IY, Omer OMA. Investigating student satisfaction and adoption of technology-enhanced learning to improve educational outcomes in Saudi higher education. Sustainability. 2023;15(19):14617.
Opara E, Mfon-Ette Theresa A, Aduke TC. ChatGPT for teaching, learning and research: Prospects and challenges. Opara Emmanuel Chinonso, Adalikwu Mfon-Ette Theresa, Tolorunleke Caroline Aduke (2023) ChatGPT Teaching, Learn Res Prospect Challenges Glob Acad J Humanit Soc Sci. 2023;5.
Papanastasiou G, Drigas A, Skianis C, Lytras M, Papanastasiou E. Virtual and augmented reality effects on K-12, higher and tertiary education students’ twenty-first century skills. Virtual Real. 2019;23(4):425–36.
Chen L, Chen P, Lin Z. Artificial intelligence in education: A review. Ieee Access. 2020;8:75264–78.
Limniou M. The effect of digital device usage on student academic performance: A case study. Educ Sci. 2021;11(3):121.
Viloan L, Palma TG, Quiñones CFB, Echupas JL, Viña M, Lopez KJ. The Influence of Digital Technology on Students’ Perceived Academic Performance. Psychol Educ A Multidiscip J. 2024;18(1):100–11.
Chukwuere JE. Understanding the Impacts of Social Media Platforms on Students’ Academic Learning Progress. Online Submiss. 2021;11(9):2671–7.
Talaue GM, AlSaad A, AlRushaidan N, AlHugail A, AlFahhad S. The impact of social media on academic performance of selected college students. Int J Adv Inf Technol. 2018;8(4/5):27–35.
Paul SA V. The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance Among College Students. Integr J Res Arts Humanit. 2024;4(3):115–7.
Alkan RÜ, Aslan A, Turgut YE, Kurşun E. Factors affecting parental mediation strategies in children’s technology use: a systematic review. J Comput Educ Res. 2021;9(18):702–23.
Obaid AF, Abdulrasol ZA, Kassim NM. Parenting Styles and Children’s Academic Performance among Iraqi Families. Liaquat Natl J Prim Care. 2025;7(4):1–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Fadhil Obaid, Maryam Abd Al-Kareem, Zainab Abdulameer Abdulrasol, Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki Alhindy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.